Do you have any idea when steel manufacturing has evolved in the market? It’s been from 19^th century that this manufacturing process has emerged in the industry. Modern steel manufacture uses coal in their production process. Traditionally, iron and limestone were used as the raw materials for the same.

How is steel produced in this modern industry?

Iron-making

First step is iron-making where raw materials like lime, iron ore and coke are melted in a blast furnace. Molten iron so produced is called ‘hot metal’. It contains 4 to 4.5% of carbon and other sorts of impurities.

Primary Steelmaking

This method consists of two methods – EAF and BOS. Now, what are these BOS and EAF methods? In BOS method, recycled scrap steel and molten iron are mixed together. Then workers blow oxygen through metal at quite a high temperature. This process reduces carbon content and keeps it at a range between 0 to 1.5%. In EAF method, used nascent steel scrap along with sponge iron, is alternatively fed through the arcs having high electric power. Through this process, engineers melt metal and create top grade steel.

Secondary Steelmaking

In this stage, steel produced from EAF and BOS methods is treated to make it adjustable with the composition of steel. In the process of doing so, some elements are removed and some are added. At times, temperature is also manipulated together with production environment. Different processes are used for producing different kinds of steel.

CAS-OB
Degassing
Stirring
Ladle furnace
Ladle injection

These are the different procedures that effectively produced varied kinds of steel.

Continuous Casting

In this stage, molten steel is spread in a cold mould where the thin shell of the steel solidifies. Then, engineers remove the shell strand with the help of guided rolls. After that, it is completely cooled to give its solidified form. Finally, this strand is cut into lengths according to its application.

Primary Formation

In this process, hot rolling gives casted steel various shapes. This process is effective because it eliminates all kinds of cast defects and gives the steel its desired surface quality and shape. Then hot rolled steel are categorized under different heads like specialty products, flat products, seamless tubes and long products.

Fabrication, Manufacturing & Finishing

Here comes the final stage when steel gets its ultimate properties and shape. Various techniques involved in this stage are –

Carburizing or surface treatment
Tempering or heat treatment
Galvanizing or coating
Welding or joining
Drilling or machining
Cold rolling or shaping

Present shows that traditional steel bars are being replaced by TMT bars. The durability and other features of these bars ensure safety of any concrete structure.

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